Circuit simulations are great because you can experiment with circuits and make changes with almost no effort. In Circuit VR, we look at circuits using a simulator to do experiments without having to ...

In the last Circuit VR we looked at some basic op amp circuits in a simulator, including the non-inverting amplifier. Sometimes you want an amplifier that inverts the signal. That is a 5V input ...

Solid-state device technologies, which are available to the amplifier designer, fall, broadly, into three categories: bipolar junction transistors (BJTs) and junction diodes; junction field effect ...

The following is Part 1 of a four-part series. The basic one-op-amp differential amplifier consists of one op-amp and four resistors. Yet few have contemplated the depth of its complexity. It is ...

The very basics of operational amplifiers. Learn comparator, inverting, and non-inverting op-amp configurations. An operational amplifier, or op amp, is a dc-coupled high-gain electronic voltage ...

How a paper substrate and biodegradable circuitry can be used for basic circuits. How the researchers fabricated and connected active and passive devices literally “on paper.” Details of their first, ...