The circuit was developed to produce a continuity tester with a low resistance mainly for checking the connections between soldered joints. Operational Amplifier (Op-Amp) – a DC coupled high gain ...

We may receive a commission on purchases made from links. When undertaking DIY electrical projects at home, safety should always come first. Whether you're adding a dimmer switch, installing a new ...

To measure a zener diode’s breakdown voltage, you need a dc voltage source whose voltage exceeds that of the zener voltage. In Figure 1, resistor R SER provides voltage drop between V IN and V ZEN. In ...

Transmitting information using light is more energy efficient than using electrical signals. Unfortunately, for small-scale applications, light-based encoding through electro-optic modulators (EOMs) ...