The size of an organism at any point during ontogeny often has fitness consequences through either direct selection on size or through selection on size-related morphological, performance, or life ...

In the first case, there is a strong upward-sloping relationship between X and Y; in the second case, no apparent relationship; in the third case, a strong downward-sloping relationship. Note the ...

A new model for the simultaneous eigenstructure of multiple covariance matrices is proposed. The model is much more flexible than existing models and subsumes most of them as special cases. A Fisher ...

The estimated covariance matrix of the parameter estimates is computed as the inverse Hessian matrix, and for unconstrained problems it should be positive definite. If the final parameter estimates ...

You can use covariance and contravariance to provide polymorphic extension to delegates, arrays, and generics in C#. Here’s how. The C# programming language provides support for variance in two ways: ...