Since 1972, scientists have known there are four basic circuit components, but if you’ve spent any time in an electrical engineering classroom, you probably only have experience with three: capacitor, ...

Fig 1. A typical CMOS input circuit comprises a “P” and “N” transistor. One is fully “on” for logic high, and the other is “on” for a logic low. Fig 2. When a CMOS input pin is at logic high or low ...

Ladder logic uses switch or relay contacts to implement Boolean expressions. In years past, ladder logic was made possible with discrete relays and was sometimes termed “relay logic.” Today most ...

I find that if I’m trying to make a point with a student or a colleague about a circuit, sometimes the Falstad online simulator is worth a few thousand words. You can draw the circuit, play with the ...

The first CMOS chip was created by Fairchild Semiconductor, presented at ISSCC in 1963. The logic topologies used in today’s textbooks originated in this work. P-type devices are slower than N-type by ...

A solid knowledge of logic gates is at the basis of programming and electronics. This is required in any project. Truth tables are a great way to visualize the results of various combinations of ...

Neuromorphic breakthrough: Nathan Ronceray (left) and Théo Emmerich at EPFL with their nanofluidic devices. (Courtesy: EPFL/Titouan Veuillet/CC BY SA 4.0) A memristor that uses changes in ion ...

Logic Gates are among the important components of a circuit. All the logical operations required to perform a particular task in an electronic circuit are carried by these logic gates. If you are an ...