Figure 4. A snapshot, in time, of two complex numbers whose exponents, and thus their phase angles, change with time. The notion of negative frequency is often troubling to engineers who've spent so ...

Modern oscilloscopes capture, view, measure, and analyze complex RF signals in the time, frequency, and modulation domains. Time-domain analysis, the original oscilloscope function, allows users to ...

Comprehensive introduction to analysis of continuous and discrete-time signals and systems. Linear time-invariant systems, convolution; Fourier series representations of periodic signals; Continuous ...

If you simulate circuits that include not only analog, but also digital or switching/PWM aspects, then you know that traditional “AC” or frequency-domain analysis cannot be used for these designs.

Design linear discrete-time systems and filters and analyze their behavior. Represent continuous-time signals and linear systems in discrete time, so that such signals can be recovered in continuous ...

The analysis of RF and microwave signals in the frequency domain used to be the forte of the spectrum analyzer, but now it’s become a choice between signal analyzers and digital oscilloscopes. How did ...