The average textbook definition of modulation reads: modulation is a process in which the frequency, phase or amplitude of a carrier wave varies in step with the instantaneous value of the modulating ...

Tektronix, Inc. announced a new software option for its OM4000 optical modulation analyzer series that offers automated test support for 400G multi-carrier coherent optical modulation. This software ...

Modulation is fundamental to electronic communications. The modulating signal might be analog in nature (voice or music) or digital bit streams. Most modern communication systems are digital, using ...

Overcoming the issues of DC offset in Direct Conversion for Software Defined Radios. Modulation is a process by which characteristics of a high-frequency carrier signal are altered to convey ...

Fiber-optic interferometric sensors have emerged as essential tools in precision measurement, utilising the interference of coherent light to detect minute displacements and variations in physical ...

A candidate for modernized GNSS civil signals in the L1/E1 band was BOC(1,1), a binary-offset-carrier signal with a “split spectrum” that has negligible impact on the existing GPS signals. However, a ...

Compared to the simple diode needed to demodulate AM radio signals, the detector circuits used for FM are slightly more complicated. Wrapping your head around phase detectors, ratio detectors, ...

We’ve been loving the variety of entries to the 2025 One-Hertz Challenge. Many a clock has been entered, to be sure, but also some projects that step well outside simple timekeeping. Case in point, ...

The AMMA-2, the new digital AM modulation monitor from Belar, may look like an ordinary piece of broadcast equipment. It’s one rack unit tall and has the typical buttons and LEDs on the front panel.