If a vaccine is to protect the intestines and other mucous membranes in the body, it also needs to be given through the mucosa, for example as a nasal spray or a liquid that is drunk. The mucosa forms ...

Pregnant individuals with inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) have higher levels of pro-inflammatory immune molecules, known as ...

There is a strong link between pathophysiology and the human body's microbiome. Research suggests that many microbial communities regulate health, host homeostasis, disease progression, and infection ...

Leukoplakia causes white patches or plaques to develop on the tongue and mucosa in the mouth. Doctors may prescribe medication to treat the condition. Mouth irritants and irritating activities, such ...

Topical treatment with live Roseomonas mucosa -- a bacterium naturally present on the skin -- was safe for adults and children with atopic dermatitis (eczema) and was associated with reduced disease ...

Biologist William K. Purves of Harvey Mudd College responds: Parietal cells in the mucosa, the inner cell layer of our digestive tract, secrete hydrochloric acid (HCl) into the stomach's lumen, or ...

Olfactory cortexes and the olfactory tracts are involved in sporadic Creutzfeldt–Jakob disease. We examined peripheral regions of the olfactory sensory pathway, including the olfactory mucosa, to ...

Vaccinating women during pregnancy leads to the transfer of antibodies to their newborns. These antibodies were detected not only in blood, but also in the nasal mucosa, the site where whooping cough ...