Muscular ventricular septal defects (mVSD) appearing together with other septal defects are frequently regarded as ‘concomitant’ pathologies, that nevertheless should be considered while the patient ...

After bicuspid aortic valve, ventricular septal defects (VSDs) are the most common congenital heart abnormalities. Of all congenital defects, around 20% are solitary lesions and another 10% are ...

A ventricular septal defect (VSD) occurs when there is direct communication between the left and right ventricles. This can be a congenital anomaly or acquired as a complication of a myocardial ...

The interventricular septum separates the heart’s two ventricles and plays a vital role in maintaining correct bloodflow. Sometimes a defect can occur or be present from birth. This can increase the ...