Piezoelectrical materials are utilized in various applications, from biomedical (cardiac, auditory, ultrasound, and numerous biosensors) to advanced electronics—including energy production and storage ...

A major advantage of atomic force microscopes (AFMs) is their versatility in integrating various operational modes that assess different material properties and functionalities. Among the most ...

Piezoresponse force microscopy (PFM) is an effective method for examining ferroelectric materials due to its nanometer-level resolution and high sensitivity, inherited from atomic force microscopy ...

Switching has almost always meant “hard" switching, which is simple but comes with all kinds of electrical and thermal ...