Study twice as hard The dual-coding theory was first conceptualized by a professor named Allan Paivio in 1971.

Dual-coding theory (Paivio, 1971; 1986), Mayer’s (1997) conceptualisation and empirical analysis of multimedia learning, as well as Sweller and colleagues’ research on cognitive load (Sweller ...

The authors developed a digital spelling game to promote children’s early literacy skills. Based on the dual-coding theory, the authors studied the benefits of auditory support alone versus ...