Markov chains provide a fundamental framework for modelling stochastic processes, where the next state depends solely on the current state. Hidden Markov models (HMMs) extend this framework by ...

Abstract Wavelet and hidden Markov-based modeling frameworks were developed to better capture the nonstationarity and non-Gaussian characteristics of streamflow that linear models cannot.

Drought is a naturally occurring climate phenomenon that significantly affects human and environmental activity, and can be considered one of the most widespread and destructive natural disasters.

We propose a hidden Markov model to correctly interpret the users 'product selection behaviors and make personalized recommendations. The user preference is modeled as a hidden Markov sequence. A ...