Measurement uncertainty represents a fundamental parameter in analytical chemistry, encapsulating the range within which the true value of a measurement is expected to lie. This concept is integral to ...

Thin films form the basis of many industries today, including semiconductors, electric vehicles, smart optical coatings, sophisticated medical equipment, and protective layers on high-temperature ...

Measurement error models address the deviation between observed and true values, thereby refining the reliability of statistical inference. These frameworks are ...

The Korea Research Institute of Standards and Science has successfully developed a length measurement system that achieves a level of precision approaching the theoretical limit allowed by quantum ...

Pain shapes survival, behavior, and welfare across species, yet many key questions about how pain starts, persists, and ...