Abstract: Class imbalance is a significant study problem that is biased, exhibiting excellent performance toward the majority classes in the dataset while showing inferior performance toward minority ...

With the rapid expansion of the new energy vehicle (NEV) market, charging and battery swapping have emerged as the two ...

During the penetration process of hypersonic glide vehicles (HGV), the maneuvering forms are varied, which brings some challenges for tracking them, such as difficulty in the stable matching of single ...

Big O notation is the tool developers use to describe how algorithms scale as inputs grow, focusing on the worst-case scenario. It helps you choose solutions that stay efficient under heavy loads, ...

Abstract: Software testing is crucial in verifying that system functionality meets specified requirements, especially in safety-critical railway control applications. This research employs Model-Based ...