Future Biotechnology on Instagram: "The Bombardier beetle is a remarkable example of natural chemical defense. When attacked, it ejects a near-boiling chemical spray from its abdomen to repel predators. The liquid, reaching about 100°C (212°F), is not an acid but a reactive mixture of hydroquinone and hydrogen peroxide. These compounds are stored separately inside the beetle’s abdomen and mixed only when needed. Inside a specialized reaction chamber, catalase and peroxidase enzymes trigger an ex

Future Biotechnology on Instagram: "Bacteriophages, often called phages, are viruses that specifically infect bacteria. The infection begins when a bacteriophage attaches to the surface of a susceptible E. coli cell using its tail fibers, which recognize receptors on the bacterial membrane. Once attached, the phage injects its genetic material (DNA or RNA) into the bacterial cytoplasm, leaving the protein coat outside. Inside the host, the viral genome takes control of the bacterial machinery. I

Future Biotechnology on Instagram: "The onion (Allium cepa) root tip is one of the most commonly used specimens for observing cell division under a microscope. The reason is simple — the root tip is a region of active growth, where cells continuously divide by mitosis to help the root elongate. Each cell’s nucleus contains visible chromosomes that can be stained and observed clearly during different stages of mitosis: prophase, metaphase, anaphase, and telophase. When an onion root tip is treate