As China Modernizes Aircraft Carriers, Trump Calls for a Return to Steam Catapult Launch Systems — Sparking a Naval Technology Debate As China accelerates the modernization of its aircraft carrier fleet with newer launch technologies, Donald Trump has reignited debate by suggesting the U.S. Navy reconsider traditional steam-powered catapult systems instead of newer electromagnetic launch systems. His remarks have drawn attention to the trade-offs between cutting-edge innovation and proven reliab

"Heavy Aircraft-Carrying Cruiser" Designation: The Soviet Union and later Russia designated the Kuznetsov as a "heavy aircraft-carrying cruiser" to emphasize its role in defending missile-carrying submarines and other warships, rather than solely as an aircraft carrier. Ski-Jump Takeoff: Unlike Western aircraft carriers that use steam catapults, the Kuznetsov features a ski jump to launch aircraft. Armament: The ship is equipped with a large number of anti-ship and anti-air missiles in addition